Abstract: We propose a continuous-variable quantum secret sharing scheme based on multi-ring discrete modulation, which we called MR-CVQSS. In this scheme, phase shift keying (PSK)-modulated coherent ...

A real variable in economics is an economic variable that has been adjusted for inflation, allowing for comparison across different time periods. Real variables are adjusted for inflation to reflect ...

Abstract: A method for fuzzy random variable generation based on α-cuts and uniform random numbers is proposed in this article. A form of α-invariance is proven for a class of fuzzy numbers (FNs) and ...