Parabolic equations, which include the classical heat equation, have long been a focal point in both theoretical and applied mathematics due to their inherent smoothing properties and relevance to ...

This paper focuses on studying regional controllability and observability for fractional linear systems using the conformable derivative of order 0 < α ≤ 1. Utilizing fractional calculus theory and ...

The study of controllability in fluid dynamics systems examines the capability to steer the behaviour of fluids—whether in natural phenomena or engineered applications—through the application of ...