Every business starts by solving a problem no one has solved before. Over time, it refines that approach into an algorithm it ...

This paper proposes a quantum algorithm for solving the tautology and the satisfiability problems for a Boolean formula. Let’s say we are given a Boolean formula. The variables of the Boolean formula ...

ABSTRACT: Multi-objective optimization remains a significant and realistic problem in engineering. A trade-off among conflicting objectives subject to equality and inequality constraints is known as ...

Abstract: With the rapid advancement of quantum computing technologies, traditional public-key algorithms face the threat of being broken. Falcon, now standardized for digital signatures in ...

Like humans, artificial intelligence learns by trial and error, but traditionally, it requires humans to set the ball rolling by designing the algorithms and rules that govern the learning process.

Abstract: In testing systems, the item response theory is a widely used model for accurately synthesizing user response information. However, compared to classical test theory approaches, it imposes a ...