In conventional optical components, such as lenses or gratings, the propagation of light is usually manipulated by reflection, refraction or diffraction. For example, a wavefront can be modified using ...

In addition to our other problems, we must also contend with transmission (with attenuation), reflection, refraction, diffraction, absorption, and scattering. In addition to our other problems, we ...

Description: Electromagnetic waves; wave theory of reflection, refraction, diffraction, and interference. Spatial and temporal coherence. Fourier optics, coherent ...

Most people know that light travels in a straight line unless something acts upon it to change its direction. The three most common methods of changing the direction of light are refraction, ...