Almost perfect nonlinear (APN) functions play a pivotal role in cryptography, particularly in securing symmetric key algorithms against differential attacks. Their algebraic properties, including ...

Algebraic structures are fundamental mathematical entities defined by sets equipped with operations that satisfy specific axioms, such as groups, rings, and fields. Function spaces, by contrast, are ...

Revise differentiation of algebraic and trigonometric expressions, which can be used for calculating rates of change, stationary points and their nature, or the gradient and equation of a tangent to a ...