Many-valued logic generalises classical binary logic by permitting a spectrum of truth values rather than a strict dichotomy. This extended framework enables a more nuanced treatment of uncertainty, ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract This paper: (1) gives a schema of the logical structure of functional explanation in biology; (2) shows that it falls under the covering law ...

Solutions are available by request for course instructors and the self-taught. These documents are intended for the spring 2024 version of PHI 201, Introductory Logic. However, they will be fine-tuned ...

Synthese spans the topics of Epistemology, Methodology and Philosophy of Science. Coverage includes the theory of knowledge; general methodological problems of science, of induction and probability, ...

The theory of grammar adopted here is that grammar is linked to the semantic notion of conceptual which includes proposition structure. A proposition is that part of a sentence less its modal ...

The theory of grammar adopted here is that grammar is linked to the semantic notion of conceptual which includes proposition structure. A proposition is that part of a sentence less its modal ...

Sign languages can help reveal hidden aspects of the logical structure of spoken language, but they also highlight its limitations because speech lacks the rich iconic resources that sign language ...