A derivative is a financial instrument that derives its value from an underlying asset. The underlying asset can be equity, currency, commodities, or interest rate. Thus, a change in the underlying ...

Abstract: This paper proposes an improved sliding mode control (SMC) method using a hyperbolic function for battery charger of personal mobility devices (PMDs). In general, various control methods can ...

Lucas Downey is the co-founder of MoneyFlows, and an Investopedia Academy instructor. Michael Boyle is an experienced financial professional with more than 10 years working with financial planning, ...

Switzerland is watch heartland, but it was a German company three decades ago that shook the industry as few brands have ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...