The Standard Deviation is the basic metric to measure volatility. However, the Standard Deviation is an absolute measurement, not a relative measurement. To compare the volatility of two or more data ...

Daniel Jassy, CFA, is an Investopedia Academy instructor and the founder of SPYderCRusher Research. He contributes to Excel and Algorithmic Trading. David Kindness is a Certified Public Accountant ...

If you have experience with R or want a quick way to generate a regression with statsmodels using a pandas DataFrame, you can ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

Financial variance is the difference between budgeted and actual spending. Positive variance means spending less, negative indicates overspending. Regular monitoring reduces surprises and improves ...

Where can I find the random parameter matrix in MLwiN? How do I use this to work out the residual ('unexplained') variance at each level? Variances and covariances are stored in column c1096. (See ...