Producer surplus is a crucial economic concept that helps understand the difference between what producers are willing to sell their goods for and what they actually sell them for in the marketplace.

Abstract: A novel integrated photonic structure based on Long Period Waveguide Gratings (LPWGs) relying on channel-width modulation is proposed and tested for refractometric applications. These LPWGs ...

This paper describes the eccentricity, amplitude, phase shift, angular momentum, polarization, radial path, and orbital ...

The Relative Niño indices (R-Niño) are the Bureau of Meteorology's operational indices for monitoring the oceanic component of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation. Prior to September 2025, the ...

This is the first brief in a series of five. It sets the scene for an analysis of quantitative information of the criminal justice process, presented in the second, third and fourth briefs. The fifth ...