Abstract: In this article, an adaptive dynamic programming (ADP)-based optimal control strategy for a series of fractional-order nonlinear systems (FONS) with unknown control directions is ...

Abstract: Recent work (Rantzer, 2022) formulated a class of optimal control problems involving positive linear systems, linear stage costs, and elementwise constraints on control. It was shown that ...

Photoshop CC tutorial for novices showing how to create a quick, but effective, text design with an elongated shadow.