This rapidly evolving field extends classical discrete calculus by introducing non-integer, or fractional, orders of difference operators. Such an approach is particularly well suited to modelling ...

We survey many old and new results on solutions of the following pair of adjoint differential-difference equations: \begin{align*} \tag{1} up'(u) = - ap(u) - bp(u - 1 ...

A new iterative method is presented for solving finite difference equations which approximate the steady Stokes equations. The method is an extension of successive-over-relaxation and has two ...

In this paper we investigate the effectiveness of alternating direction implicit (ADI) time-discretization schemes in the numerical solution of the three-dimensional Heston-Hull-White partial ...

For this system, the initial values for the concentrations are derived from equilibrium considerations (as a function of parameters) or are provided as known values. The experiment used to collect the ...

First‑order differential equations, linear and separable equations, integrating factors, applications. Second‑order linear differential equations. Fundamental solutions, linear independence, Wronskian ...