Listen carefully. The top level of the OSI Reference Model and the IETF protocol stack is the application layer. The application layer, however, doesn’t do applications. It provides services such as ...

In case you have engaged yourself in research relating to cryptocurrencies or blockchain, you would have definitely come across terms like layer one and layer two protocols. However, it is possible ...

This course introduces students to the fundamentals of computer networking, the OSI stack, and the practical and conceptual skills needed to build simple local area networks, perform basic device ...

Welcome! Throughout this course, Network Systems Foundations, you will delve into the fundamental layers of network communication. You will start with a thorough discussion of the Link Layer and its ...

The application layer is an exponentially expanding layer cake of cyber security vulnerabilities, with the number of layer attacks rising in recent years. The root of the weakness is that app ...

"Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is the protocol governing network management and the monitoring of network devices and their functions. It is not necessarily limited to TCP/IP networks." To ...

At the core of blockchain networks lies a fundamental architectural principle called layering. Layering in blockchain refers to organizing different functionalities and protocols into separate layers, ...