The two most common categories of process responses in industrial manufacturing processes are self-regulating and integrating. A self-regulating process response to a step input change is ...

Plant engineers and technicians are frequently asked to tune the controller when a control loop’s process value has prolonged or significant excursions from the set point. But in many instances, no ...

Some wonder if AI will replace PID control loops. The reality is that, instead of replacing PID, AI is stepping in to help keep things running smoothly without upending regulatory trust. Think of AI ...

Sometimes it can feel like PID tuning is a cross between engineering, mathematics, and the Dark Arts. There are some definitive engineering and mathematical steps to take when tuning a loop (for the ...

As chips shrink to the nanometer scale, precise control over every fabrication step becomes essential. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) has emerged as a cornerstone of nanoelectronics, enabling the ...

While current control and PWM switching play the most direct role in driving brushless DC motors, the motion profile and ...

Overlay control based on DI metrology of optical targets has been the primary basis for run-to-run process control for many years. In previous work we described a scenario where optical overlay ...