In various contexts, for practical, philosophical, and logical reasons, there is a default assumption. In the criminal justice system, for example, someone is presumed innocent until proven guilty. T ...

Research and statistical analysis help us understand how the world works, how effective medications and treatments are, what influences our health, the best approach for business practices, and much ...

If the P value is less than 5%, reject the null hypothesis; if the P value is .05 or more, don't reject the null hypothesis. Statistics textbooks -- and statisticians for that matter -- focus almost ...

Did you ever wonder why 19th century pirates are often represented wearing eye patches? I never did, because I assumed that it was for the obvious reason: they had lost an eye. Pirates, like many ...

What? Perhaps primary among the challenges and conditions that face life scientists is the infinite variability between individuals. An important tool for measuring those disparities is the Null ...

Hypothesis testing problems in which the null hypothesis is simple, the parameter space is finite dimensional and the supports of the probability measures are independent of the parameter are ...

The control group provides an unbiased test of the null hypothesis, which predicts what to expect if our ideas of how nature works are wrong. It could be argued that it is therefore an ethical ...

Objection: Natural variability is the null hypothesis; there must be compelling evidence of an anthropogenic CO2 warming effect before we take it seriously. Answer: The null hypothesis is a ...