Scientists across all fields make various types of claims about their innovations. Validity tests check whether they deliver ...

There is a distinction that one learns about on the first day of a course in psychological research methods. It is the difference between internal and external validity. Internal validity is ...

1 British Heart Foundation National Centre for Physical Activity and Health, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK 2 School of Population Health, ...

Also known as a "zero knowledge (ZK) proof," a validity proof is used by zero knowledge rollups (zk-Rollups) on Layer 2 blockchains to prove that the data summarized on the Layer 1 chain are valid.