This paper first describes a mathematical model of a vertical fracture with constant conductivity in three crossflow rectangular layers. Then, three forms of vertical fracture (linear, logarithmic, ...

Stoichiometric air-fuel ratio control during transient operation requires an accurate estimate or measurement of the instantaneous air flow rate in an engine. Two methods are commonly used for ...

Most operators know that air should be kept out of a heat exchanger’s cooling water supply line. Air can collect in pockets and block flow, increasing velocities, increasing system resistance, ...