The system approach principle places individual system elements in their environments and observes the relationships between them. Instead of studying a specific phenomenon first – an automobile ...

The article addresses post-communist transformations in Central and Eastern Europe through the conceptual apparatus of Luhmann’s social systems theory, which sees increasing functional differentiation ...

Systems theory was not originally a business theory. Indeed, systems theory was proposed in the 1940s by biologist Ludwig von Bertalanffy, say Francis Heylighen and Cliff Joslyn in their article, ...

The Systems Theory and Design (THD) department researches methods, procedures and tools of systems engineering for the requirements analysis of automated and autonomous systems. These new systems also ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract In this study, we evaluate the "success" of adopted innovations in public organizations as a function of the relative source of innovation vis ...

Download PDF More Formats on IMF eLibrary Order a Print Copy Create Citation A well-functioning public expenditure management (PEM) system is considered a critical pillar of government efficiency, on ...