Endogenous pyruvate is an end-product in glycolysis and a key molecule for ATP production under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, whereas exogenous pyruvate is transferred to cells via monocarboxylate ...

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease marked by intestinal pain, bleeding, and impaired gut barrier function. At the heart of the disease lies TNFα-induced NF-κB signaling, which ...