Ecological communities are shaped by a complex array of direct and indirect interactions. These interactions are spatially and temporally dynamic and can be challenging to disentangle. Relationships ...

For many years ecologists have sought to understand the roles and importance of direct and indirect effects in communities. Direct effects, as the name implies, deal with the direct impact of one ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract Using the delta method, Sobel obtained the asymptotic variance of indirect effects in linear structural equation models. Using a reduced-form ...