The production of fruit trees relies critically on the careful selection and combination of rootstocks and cultivars. Rootstocks are used not only to control tree vigour and enhance nutrient uptake ...

The use of apple rootstocks has transformed modern orchard management by enabling precise regulation of tree size and improving overall performance. Dwarfing rootstocks, in particular, manipulate ...

Phytophthora cactorum was identified as the causal agent of crown and root rot of apple varieties grafted onto MM. 106 rootstock in the orchards of Fars province, Iran. In a survey conducted in 2012, ...