Electromagnetism and the weak nuclear force are two distinct fundamental forces. That wasn’t always the case. How many fundamental forces are there in our universe? For particle physicists, answering ...

Electromagnetic momentum and optical forces have emerged as pivotal concepts in modern optical science, bridging fundamental physics and advanced technological applications. At its core, ...

The strong force binds quarks inside neutrons and protons, and holds atomic nuclei together. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Here’s how it works. But ...