IPsec incorporates several cryptographic operations to ensure message authenticity, data integrity, and sender nonrepudiation. In this section we will describe the mechanics of these cryptographic ...

Chaotic hash functions represent a cutting‐edge convergence between nonlinear dynamics and cryptographic science. These functions employ chaotic maps—mathematical systems that exhibit extreme ...

This standard specifies hash algorithms that can be used to generate digests of messages. The digests are used to detect whether messages have been changed since the digests were generated. This ...

An algorithm that transforms a given amount of data (the "message") into a fixed number of digits, known as the "hash," "digest" or "digital fingerprint." Hash functions are a fundamental component in ...

Download this article in PDF format. On the surface, this sounds ridiculous: A lobby fish tank gets attacked by hackers. Why would anyone want to break into a fish tank (Fig. 1)? But in this case, the ...

Networks utilize encryption in many ways: during user authentication, to keep data confidential, to guarantee the integrity of information and to ensure non-repudiation. In fact, we now use encryption ...

Security researchers have achieved the first real-world collision attack against the SHA-1 hash function, producing two different PDF files with the same SHA-1 signature. This shows that the algorithm ...

The nice thing about standards is that there are so many to choose from. And if you really don't like all the standards you just have to wait another year until the one arises you are looking for. -- ...