What do infants need in their early relationships? Many believe this question has a definitive answer: “What an infant needs is a secure attachment.” In some contexts, this has hardened into static ...

Pascal Vrticka received funding from the Max Planck Society (Germany) for parts of his work on the social neuroscience of human attachment described in this piece. Originally rooted in developmental ...

Effective learning isn't just about finding the easiest path—it's about the right kind of challenge. Two prominent theories—Desirable Difficulties (DDF) and Cognitive Load Theory (CLT)—offer valuable ...

A large new study reveals how early relationships with parents and friends influence how we relate to those closest to us in adulthood ...