Proportional-integral-derivative (PID) is the most common industrial technology for closed-loop control. A proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller can be used to control temperature, ...

Fractional control systems with the Caputo derivative are considered. The modified controllability Gramian and the minimum energy optimal control problem are investigated. Construction of minimizing ...

Proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control is the most common control algorithm used in industry today. The popularity of PID controllers can be attributed to their effectiveness in a wide range ...