A random variable that can take only a certain specified set of individual possible values-for example, the positive integers 1, 2, 3, . . . For example, stock prices are discrete random variables, ...

This course builds a rigorous foundation of probability. Topics covered include: basic concepts of probability theory and statistics, counting, axioms of probability, independence, Bayes rule, ...

Many physical platforms, including photons, ions, atoms, solid state and superconducting devices, and nuclear magnetic resonance 1, are being explored with the view of constructing a quantum computer.

Stochastic dominance (SD) theory is concerned with orderings of random variables by classes of utility functions characterized solely in terms of general properties. This paper discusses a type of ...

Several economic and financial time series are bounded by an upper and lower finite limit (e.g., interest rates). It is not possible to say that these time series are random walks because random walks ...

Researchers demonstrate a novel method for transforming continuous time crystals into discrete ones using subharmonic injection locking, offering new insights into ...

Sean Ross is a strategic adviser at 1031x.com, Investopedia contributor, and the founder and manager of Free Lances Ltd. Suzanne is a content marketer, writer, and fact-checker. She holds a Bachelor ...