Liu, Jucun; Tong, Tony W.; Sinfield, Joseph V. Toward a resilient complex adaptive system view of business models. Long Range Planning. Jun2021, Vol. 54 Issue 3, pN.PAG-N.PAG. This paper employs the ...

What are “complex systems” in this context? These are noncomputer systems, such as a company’s supply chain. A system is “complex” when it has so many variables and interacting forces that it can’t be ...

Tokyo, Japan - Scientists from the Institute of Industrial Science at The University of Tokyo demonstrated how the adaptive immune system uses a method similar to reinforcement learning to control the ...

Scientists studied the adaptive immune system as a kind of artificial intelligence that can be trained to produce the correct response to invasion by pathogens. This work may lead to more effective ...

Fleming, L., and O. Sorenson. "Technology as a Complex Adaptive System: Evidence from Patent Data." Research Policy 30, no. 7 (August 2001).

In the human body, the adaptive immune system fights germs by remembering previous infections so it can respond quickly if the same pathogens return. This complex process depends on the cooperation of ...