Probability theory forms the mathematical backbone for quantifying uncertainty and random events, providing a rigorous language with which to describe both everyday phenomena and complex scientific ...

While discount rates of listed companies can be readily estimated using "betas" and the Capital Asset Pricing Model, the same is not true for small business. Entrepreneurs often have to rely on ...

The Review of Economics and Statistics is an 84-year old general journal of applied (especially quantitative) economics. Edited at Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government, The Review has ...

Probability theory is the mathematical study of phenomena characterized by randomness or uncertainty. More precisely, probability is used for modelling situations when the result of an experiment, ...

The conjunction and disjunction fallacies are famous for revealing the limits of human reasoning about probability. This can be measured by telling people a short story about a character and then ...

PROBABILITY theory is a quaint little piece of mathematics. It is about sets of non-negative numbers that are attached to actual and possible physical events, that sum to 1 and that obey certain rules ...

Different microorganisms in different environments during sterilization have different resistance to the destructive principles that causes the organism or spore to die (lethality) Some extreme ...

SHENZHEN, China, Sept. 19, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- MicroCloud Hologram Inc. (NASDAQ: HOLO), ("HOLO" or the "Company"), is a technology service provider. In important fields such as quantum measurement ...