Using a sequence of steps to solve a problem. Scientific applications, forecasting, decision making, quantum computing and AI use algorithms routinely. Computer programming is used to implement the ...

A formula used to turn ordinary data, or "plaintext," into a secret coded message known as "ciphertext." The ciphertext can reside in storage or travel over unsecure networks without its contents ...

Within the microscopic boundaries of a single human cell, the intricate folds and arrangements of protein and DNA bundles dictate a person's fate: which genes are expressed, which are suppressed, and ...